What Does An Emotional Support Animal Do

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Service Animals and Emotional Support Animals

Where are they allowed and under what conditions?

 Jacquie Brennan
Vinh Nguyen (Ed.)
Southwest ADA Center
A program of ILRU at TIRR Memorial Hermann

Foreword

This manual is defended to the memory of Pax, a devoted guide dog, and to all the handler and canis familiaris teams working together across the nation. Guide dogs get in possible for their handlers to travel safely with independence, freedom and nobility.

Pax guided his handler faithfully for over 10 years. Together they negotiated countless busy intersections and safely traveled the streets of many cities, large and small. His adept guiding kept his handler from injury on more ane occasion. He accompanied his handler to business meetings, restaurants, theaters, and social functions where he conducted himself as would whatever highly-trained guide dog. Pax was a seasoned traveler and was the commencement domestic dog to fly in the cabin of a domestic aircraft to Uk, a country that had previously barred service animals without extended quarantine.

Pax was born in the kennels of The Seeing Heart in the beautiful Washington Valley of New Jersey in March 2000. He lived with a puppy-raiser family for nearly a twelvemonth where he learned basic obedience and was exposed to the sights and sounds of community life—the same experiences he would soon face up as a guide dog. He and so went through four months of intensive preparation where he learned how to guide and ensure the safety of the person with whom he would be matched. In November 2001 he was matched with his handler and they worked as a team until Pax's retirement in January 2012, afterward a long and successful career. Pax retired with his handler's family, where he lived with two other dogs. His life was full of play, long naps, and recreational walks until his expiry in Jan 2014.

It is the sincere promise of Pax's handler that this guide volition be useful in improving the agreement well-nigh service animals, their purpose and role, their all-encompassing training, and the rights of their handlers to travel freely and to experience the same access to employment, public accommodations, transportation, and services that others take for granted.

I.  Introduction

Individuals with disabilities may use service animals and emotional back up animals for a variety of reasons. This guide provides an overview of how major Federal civil rights laws govern the rights of a person requiring a service beast. These laws, as well as instructions on how to file a complaint, are listed in the last department of this publication. Many states also have laws that provide a different definition of service beast. You should check your land's constabulary and follow the law that offers the most protection for service animals.  The document discusses service animals in a number of unlike settings equally the rules and allowances related to admission with service animals will vary according to the law applied and the setting.

II. Service Brute Defined by Title Two and Title III of the ADA

A service brute means any domestic dog that is individually trained to practice piece of work or perform tasks for the benefit of an individual with a disability, including a concrete, sensory, psychiatric, intellectual, or other mental disability. Tasks performed tin include, among other things, pulling a wheelchair, retrieving dropped items, alerting a person to a sound, reminding a person to take medication, or pressing an elevator button.

Emotional support animals, comfort animals, and therapy dogs are non service animals under Title Two and Title 3 of the ADA. Other species of animals, whether wild or domestic, trained or untrained, are non considered service animals either. The work or tasks performed by a service animal must be directly related to the individual's disability. It does not affair if a person has a note from a physician that states that the person has a inability and needs to take the animal for emotional support. A doctor'due south letter of the alphabet does not turn an brute into a service creature.

Examples of animals that fit the ADA'south definition of "service animal" because they have been specifically trained to perform a task for the person with a disability:

· Guide Dog or Seeing Heart® Dog^ane is a carefully trained dog that serves as a travel tool for persons who have astringent visual impairments or are blind.

· Hearing or Bespeak Canis familiaris is a domestic dog that has been trained to alarm a person who has a meaning hearing loss or is deaf when a sound occurs, such every bit a knock on the door.

· Psychiatric Service Dog is a domestic dog that has been trained to perform tasks that assist individuals with disabilities to detect the onset of psychiatric episodes and lessen their effects. Tasks performed by psychiatric service animals may include reminding the handler to take medicine, providing safety checks or room searches, or turning on lights for persons with Post Traumatic Stress Disorder, interrupting self-mutilation by persons with dissociative identity disorders, and keeping disoriented individuals from danger.

· SSigDOG (sensory bespeak dogs or social signal domestic dog) is a canis familiaris trained to assistance a person with autism. The canis familiaris alerts the handler to distracting repetitive movements common among those with autism, assuasive the person to stop the movement (e.g., hand flapping).

· Seizure Response Dog is a dog trained to assist a person with a seizure disorder. How the dog serves the person depends on the person's needs. The domestic dog may stand up guard over the person during a seizure or the canis familiaris may become for help. A few dogs have learned to predict a seizure and warn the person in accelerate to sit down downwards or movement to a prophylactic place.

Under Title 2 and III of the ADA, service animals are limited to dogs. Withal, entities must make reasonable modifications in policies to allow individuals with disabilities to utilise miniature horses if they have been individually trained to do work or perform tasks for individuals with disabilities.

III. Other Support or Therapy Animals

While Emotional Support Animals or Comfort Animals are often used as function of a medical treatment plan as therapy animals, they are not considered service animals nether the ADA. These support animals provide companionship, relieve loneliness, and sometimes help with low, anxiety, and certain phobias, just do not have special preparation to perform tasks that assist people with disabilities. Even though some states have laws defining therapy animals, these animals are not limited to working with people with disabilities and therefore are not covered by federal laws protecting the use of service animals.  Therapy animals provide people with therapeutic contact, usually in a clinical setting, to improve their physical, social, emotional, and/or cerebral functioning.

IV. Handler'due south Responsibilities

The handler is responsible for the care and supervision of his or her service animal. If a service brute behaves in an unacceptable way and the person with a disability does not control the animal, a business or other entity does not take to allow the brute onto its premises. Uncontrolled barking, jumping on other people, or running abroad from the handler are examples of unacceptable beliefs for a service animate being. A business has the right to deny access to a dog that disrupts their business concern. For instance, a service canis familiaris that barks repeatedly and disrupts another patron'due south enjoyment of a film could be asked to get out the theater. Businesses, public programs, and transportation providers may exclude a service animal when the brute'south beliefs poses a directly threat to the health or prophylactic of others. If a service animate being is growling at other shoppers at a grocery store, the handler may be asked to remove the animal.

· The ADA requires the animal to be under the control of the handler.  This tin occur using a harness, leash, or other tether.  However, in cases where either the handler is unable to agree a tether because of a disability or its utilize would interfere with the service animal's safe, effective performance of work or tasks, the service animal must be under the handler's control by another means, such equally voice control.²

· The animal must be housebroken.³

· The ADA does not require covered entities to provide for the care or supervision of a service animal, including cleaning up later the animal.

· The animal should exist vaccinated in accord with state and local laws.

· An entity may also appraise the blazon, size, and weight of a miniature equus caballus in determining whether or non the horse will exist allowed access to the facility.

V. Handler's Rights

a) Public Facilities and Accommodations

Titles II and III of the ADA makes it clear that service animals are immune in public facilities and accommodations. A service animal must be allowed to accompany the handler to any identify in the edifice or facility where members of the public, program participants, customers, or clients are allowed. Even if the business or public plan has a "no pets" policy, it may not deny entry to a person with a service beast. Service animals are not pets. Then, although a "no pets" policy is perfectly legal, it does not allow a business concern to exclude service animals.

When a person with a service creature enters a public facility or identify of public accommodation, the person cannot be asked virtually the nature or extent of his disability. Only two questions may be asked:

1. Is the brute required because of a disability?

2. What piece of work or task has the animal been trained to perform?

These questions should non be asked, however, if the fauna'due south service tasks are obvious. For example, the questions may not be asked if the dog is observed guiding an private who is blind or has low vision, pulling a person's wheelchair, or providing assistance with stability or rest to an individual with an observable mobility disability.^iv

A public accommodation or facility is non allowed to ask for documentation or proof that the fauna has been certified, trained, or licensed every bit a service animal. Local laws that prohibit specific breeds of dogs do non use to service animals.^v

A place of public accommodation or public entity may non ask an individual with a disability to pay a surcharge, even if people accompanied by pets are required to pay fees. Entities cannot crave annihilation of people with service animals that they do not require of individuals in general, with or without pets. If a public accommodation normally charges individuals for the damage they cause, an private with a disability may be charged for damage caused past his or her service animate being.⁶

b) Employment

Laws prohibit employment discrimination considering of a inability. Employers are required to provide reasonable accommodation. Allowing an individual with a inability to take a service creature or an emotional support animate being accompany them to work may be considered an accommodation. The Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC), which enforces the employment provisions of the ADA (Title I), does not accept a specific regulation on service animals.^seven In the case of a service creature or an emotional support beast, if the disability is not obvious and/or the reason the animal is needed is not clear, an employer may request documentation to establish the being of a disability and how the animate being helps the individual perform his or her job.

Documentation might include a detailed clarification of how the animal would assistance the employee in performing job tasks and how the animal is trained to behave in the workplace.  A person seeking such an accommodation may propose that the employer permit the brute to accompany them to work on a trial basis.

Both service and emotional support animals may exist excluded from the workplace if they pose either an undue hardship or a direct threat in the workplace.

c) Housing

The Off-white Housing Act (FHA) protects a person with a disability from discrimination in obtaining housing. Under this law, a landlord or homeowner'due south clan must provide reasonable accommodation to people with disabilities so that they have an equal opportunity to enjoy and utilise a dwelling.^eight Emotional back up animals that practise not authorize as service animals under the ADA may nevertheless authorize as reasonable accommodations under the FHA.^nine In cases when a person with a disability uses a service animal or an emotional support animal, a reasonable accommodation may include waiving a no-pet rule or a pet deposit.¹⁰ This animal is not considered a pet.

A landlord or homeowner's association may not ask a housing applicant nigh the existence, nature, and extent of his or her disability. However, an individual with a disability who requests a reasonable accommodation may exist asked to provide documentation so that the landlord or homeowner's clan can properly review the accommodation request.¹¹ They tin can ask a person to certify, in writing, (one) that the tenant or a member of his or her family is a person with a disability; (2) the need for the animal to assist the person with that specific inability; and (3) that the animal actually assists the person with a disability.  It is important to proceed in listen that the ADA may use in the housing context as well, for example with student housing. Where the ADA applies, requiring documentation or certification would not be permitted with regard to an animal that qualifies as a "service animal."

d) Education

Service animals in public schools (1000-12) ¹³ – The ADA permits a student with a inability who uses a service brute to accept the animal at schoolhouse.  In add-on, the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (Thought) and Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Human action allow a student to use an animate being that does non meet the ADA definition of a service animate being if that student's Individual Education Plan (IEP) or Department 504 team decides the creature is necessary for the student to receive a free and advisable instruction.  Where the ADA applies, still, schools should be mindful that the apply of a service animate being is a correct that is not dependent upon the decision of an IEP or Section 504 team.^xiv

Emotional back up animals, therapy animals, and companion animals are seldom allowed to accompany students in public schools. Indeed, the ADA does not contemplate the use of animals other than those meeting the definition of "service animal."  Ultimately, the decision whether a pupil may utilize an animal other than a service animal should be made on a instance-by-case basis by the IEP or Section 504 team.

Service animals in postsecondary instruction settings – Under the ADA, colleges and universities must permit people with disabilities to bring their service animals into all areas of the facility that are open to the public or to students.

Colleges and universities may have a policy asking students who apply service animals to contact the school's Inability Services Coordinator to annals as a student with a inability. College education institutions may non require whatsoever documentation about the training or certification of a service beast. They may, however, require proof that a service fauna has whatever vaccinations required past land or local laws that apply to all animals.

e) Transportation

A person traveling with a service beast cannot be denied access to transportation, even if there is a "no pets" policy. In addition, the person with a service fauna cannot be forced to sit in a detail spot; no additional fees can exist charged because the person uses a service animal; and the customer does non have to provide advance notice that s/he will be traveling with a service fauna.

The laws utilize to both public and private transportation providers and include subways, fixed-road buses, Paratransit, rail, light-track, taxicabs, shuttles and limousine services.

f) Air Travel

At the stop of 2020, the U.S. Section of Transportation (DOT) announced that it revised its Air Carrier Access Act regulation on the transportation of service animals by air. We are working to update the data provided below to align with the changes. While we have the time to update our data, check out a summary of the changes bachelor on DOT's website. Y'all can besides find some additional information in DOT's Aviation Consumer Protection's commodity about service animals.

The Air Carrier Access Act (ACAA) requires airlines to allow service animals and emotional support animals to accompany their handlers in the motel of the shipping.

Service animals – For evidence that an animal is a service animal, air carriers may ask to see identification cards, written documentation, presence of harnesses or tags, or ask for verbal assurances from the private with a inability using the animal. If airline personnel are uncertain that an animal is a service animal, they may ask one of the following:

1. What tasks or functions does your animal perform for y'all?

two. What has your animal been trained to do for you?

3. Would you describe how the beast performs this task for you? ¹⁵

Emotional support and psychiatric service animals – Individuals who travel with emotional back up animals or psychiatric service animals may demand to provide specific documentation to constitute that they have a disability and the reason the animal must travel with them. Individuals who wish to travel with their emotional back up or psychiatric animals should contact the airline alee of time to find out what kind of documentation is required.

Examples of documentation that may be requested by the airline: Current documentation (not more than i year old) on letterhead from a licensed mental wellness professional person stating (1) the passenger has a mental health-related inability listed in the Diagnostic and Statistical Transmission of Mental Disorders (DSM IV); (ii) having the animal back-trail the rider is necessary to the passenger's mental health or treatment; (3) the private providing the cess of the rider is a licensed mental wellness professional and the passenger is under his or her professional care; and (4) the date and type of the mental health professional's license and the country or other jurisdiction in which it was issued.¹⁶ This documentation may exist required as a condition of permitting the brute to accompany the passenger in the cabin.

Other animals – According to the ACAA, airlines are not required otherwise to carry animals of whatever kind either in the cabin or in the cargo hold. Airlines are complimentary to adopt any policy they choose regarding the carriage of pets and other animals (for case, search and rescue dogs) provided that they comply with other applicable requirements (for example, the Animal Welfare Deed).

Animals such equally miniature horses, pigs, and monkeys may be considered service animals. A carrier must make up one's mind on a case-past-instance basis co-ordinate to factors such equally the beast's size and weight; land and foreign state restrictions; whether or not the animate being would pose a straight threat to the health or safety of others; or crusade a fundamental amending in the motel service.¹⁷ Individuals should contact the airlines alee of travel to discover out what is permitted.

Airlines are non required to transport unusual animals such as snakes, other reptiles, ferrets, rodents, and spiders. Strange carriers are not required to send animals other than dogs.¹⁸

VI. Reaction/Response of Others

Allergies and fear of dogs are non valid reasons for denying access or refusing service to people using service animals.  If employees, fellow travelers, or customers are afraid of service animals, a solution may be to allow enough space for that person to avoid getting close to the service animate being.

Most allergies to animals are acquired by direct contact with the fauna. A separated infinite might be adequate to avert allergic reactions.

If a person is at risk of a significant allergic reaction to an animal, it is the responsibility of the business or government entity to find a mode to adapt both the individual using the service animal and the individual with the allergy.

Seven. Service Animals in Preparation

a) Air Travel

The Air Carrier Access Act (ACAA) does not allow "service animals in training" in the cabin of the aircraft considering "in training" condition indicates that they practice not all the same meet the legal definition of service animal. However, like pet policies, airline policies regarding service animals in training vary. Some airlines allow qualified trainers to bring service animals in training aboard an aircraft for training purposes. Trainers of service animals should consult with airlines and become familiar with their policies.

 b) Employment

In the employment setting, employers may be obligated to permit employees to bring their "service animal in training" into the workplace as a reasonable accommodation, particularly if the animal is being trained to assist the employee with work-related tasks. The untrained fauna may be excluded, notwithstanding, if it becomes a workplace disruption or causes an undue hardship in the workplace.

c) Public Facilities and Accommodations

Title 2 and III of the ADA does not cover "service animals in training" but several states take laws when they should be immune access.

8. Laws & Enforcement

a) Public Facilities and Accommodations

Championship Two of the ADA covers state and local government facilities, activities, and programs. Title Iii of the ADA covers places of public accommodations. Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Human activity covers federal government facilities, activities, and programs. Information technology likewise covers the entities that receive federal funding.

Title 2 and Title Three Complaints – These can exist filed through private lawsuits in federal court or directed to the U.Due south. Section of Justice.

U.S. Department of Justice
950 Pennsylvania Avenue, N.W.
Ceremonious Rights Segmentation
Disability Rights Section – NYA
Washington, DC 20530
http://www.ada.gov
800-514-0301 (v)
800-514-0383 (TTY)

Section 504 Complaints – These must be made to the specific federal agency that oversees the program or funding.

b) Employment

Title I of the ADA and Section 501 and Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act prohibits discrimination in employment. The ADA covers private employers with fifteen or more employees; Department 501 applies to federal agencies, and Section 504 applies to any program or entity receiving federal financial aid.

ADA Complaints - A person must file a charge with the Equal Employment Opportunity Committee (EEOC) within 180 days of an alleged violation of the ADA. This deadline may exist extended to 300 days if at that place is a country or local fair employment practices agency that as well has jurisdiction over this matter. Complaints may be filed in person, by mail, or by telephone past contacting the nearest EEOC office. This number is listed in most phone directories under "U.S. Authorities." For more than data:

http://www.eeoc.gov/contact/alphabetize.cfm
800-669-4000 (voice)
800-669-6820 (TTY)

Department 501 Complaints - Federal employees must contact their agency's Equal Employment Opportunity (EEO) officer within 45 days of an alleged Section 501 violation.

Section 504 Complaints – These must be filed with the federal agency that funded the employer.

c) Housing

The Off-white Housing Human activity (FHA), as amended in 1988, applies to housing. Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973 prohibits bigotry on the basis of inability in all housing programs and activities that are either conducted by the federal government or receive federal financial assist. Title Ii of the ADA applies to housing provided by state or local government entities.

Complaints – Housing complaints may exist filed with the Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) Office of Fair Housing and Equal Opportunity.

http://world wide web.hud.gov/fairhousing

800-669-9777 (voice)

800-927-9275 (TTY)

d) Education

Students with disabilities in public schools (K-12) are covered by Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA), Title II of the ADA, and Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Human activity. Students with disabilities in public postsecondary didactics are covered by Title II and Section 504.  Title Iii of the ADA applies to private schools (K-12 and post-secondary) that are not operated by religious entities. Individual schools that receive federal funding are likewise covered by Department 504.

IDEA Complaints - Parents can request a due process hearing and a review from the land educational bureau if applicable in that state. They also tin can appeal the land agency'due south conclusion to state or federal court. You may contact the Function of Special Education and Rehabilitative Services (OSERS) for further information or to provide your own thoughts and ideas on how they may ameliorate serve individuals with disabilities, their families and their communities.

For more than information contact:

Function of Special Teaching and Rehabilitative Services

U.Due south. Department of Education

400 Maryland Artery, Due south.West.

Washington, DC 20202-7100

202-245-7468 (vocalization)

Title II of the ADA and Section 504 Complaints - The Office for Civil Rights (OCR) in the Department of Education enforces Title Two of the ADA and Section 504 every bit they apply to education. Those who have had access denied due to a service creature may file a complaint with OCR or file a private lawsuit in federal court. An OCR complaint must exist filed within 180 agenda days of the date of the alleged bigotry, unless the time for filing is extended for good crusade. Earlier filing an OCR complaint against an institution, an private may want to find out nearly the institution'south grievance process and use that procedure to accept the complaint resolved. Withal, an private is not required by police to utilise the institutional grievance process before filing a complaint with OCR. If someone uses an institutional grievance process and so chooses to file the complaint with OCR, the complaint must be filed with OCR within threescore days after the last human action of the institutional grievance procedure.

For more data contact:

U.S. Section of Educational activity

Part for Civil Rights

400 Maryland Artery, South.W.

Washington, DC 20202-1100

Customer Service: 800-421-3481 (vocalism)

800-877-8339 (TTY)

Electronic mail: OCR@ed.gov

http://www2.ed.gov/almost/offices/list/ocr/docs/howto.html

Title Three Complaints – These may be filed with the Department of Justice.

U.S. Department of Justice

950 Pennsylvania Avenue, N.W.

Ceremonious Rights Division

Disability Rights Section – NYA

Washington, DC 20530

http://www.ada.gov/

800-514-0301 (v)

800-514-0383 (TTY)

east) Transportation

Championship Ii of the ADA applies to public transportation while Title III of the ADA applies to transportation provided by individual entities. Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Human activity applies to federal entities and recipients of federal funding that provide transportation.

Title II and Section 504 Complaints – These may exist filed with the Federal Transit Assistants's Office of Civil Rights. For more information, contact:

Director, FTA Office of Civil Rights

East Building – 5th Floor, TCR

1200 New Jersey Ave., S.E.

Washington, DC 20590
FTA ADA Assist Line: 888-446-4511 (Voice)
800-877-8339 (Federal Information Relay Service)
http://world wide web.fta.dot.gov/civil_rights.html
http://world wide web.fta.dot.gov/12874_3889.html (Complaint Form)

Championship Three Complaints – These may be filed with the Section of Justice.

U.S. Department of Justice

950 Pennsylvania Artery, N.Due west.

Civil Rights Division

Disability Rights Department – NYA

Washington, DC 20530

http://www.ada.gov
800-514-0301 (v)

800-514-0383 (TTY)

Notation: A person does not take to file a complaint with the respective federal bureau before filing a lawsuit in federal courtroom.

f) Air Transportation

The Air Carrier Access Act (ACAA) covers airlines. Its regulations clarify what animals are considered service animals and explain how each type of animal should be treated.

ACAA complaints may be submitted to the Department of Transportation's Aviation Consumer Protection Division. Air travelers who experience disability-related air travel service bug may phone call the hotline at 800-778-4838 (voice) or 800- 455-9880 (TTY) to obtain assistance. Air travelers who would like the Department of Transportation (DOT) to investigate a complaint about a disability issue must submit their complaint in writing or via electronic mail to:

Aviation Consumer Protection Division
Attn: C-75-D
U.S. Section of Transportation
1200 New Jersey Ave, South.E.
Washington, DC 20590

For additional information and questions about your rights under whatever of these laws, contact your regional ADA middle at 800-949-4232 (vox/TTY).

Acknowledgements

The contents of this booklet were developed by the Southwest ADA Middle under a grant (#H133A110027) from the Department of Education'southward National Plant on Disability and Rehabilitation Enquiry (NIDRR). However, those contents do non necessarily represent the policy of the Department of Education and yous should not assume endorsement by the Federal Government.

Southwest ADA Heart at ILRU
TIRR Memorial Hermann Research Middle
1333 Moursund St.
Houston, Texas 77030
713.520.0232 (voice/TTY)
800.949.4232 (voice/TTY)
http://www.southwestada.org

The Southwest ADA Center is a program of ILRU (Contained Living Inquiry Utilization) at TIRR Memorial Hermann.  The Southwest ADA Centre is part of a national network of ten regional ADA Centers that provide upwards-to-date information, referrals, resources, and training on the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA). The centers serve a multifariousness of audiences, including businesses, employers, government entities, and individuals with disabilities. Call 1-800-949-4232 5/tty to achieve the center that serves your region or visit http://www.adata.org.

This volume is printed courtesy of the ADA National Network. The Southwest ADA Heart would similar to thank Jacquie Brennan (writer), Ramin Taheri, Richard Lilliputian, Kathy Gips, Sally Weiss, Wendy Strobel Gower, Erin Marie Sember-Chase, Marian Vessels, and the ADA Knowledge Translation Center at the University of Washington for their contributions to this booklet.

© Southwest ADA Heart 2014. All rights reserved

Principal Investigator: Lex Frieden
Project Director: Vinh Nguyen
Publication staff: Maria DelBosque, Marisa Demaya, and George Powers

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[1] http://world wide web.seeingeye.org

[ii] 28 C.F.R. 36.302(c)(iv); 28 C.F.,R. § 35.136(d).

[three] 28 C.F.R. 36.302(c)(ii); 28 C.F.,R. §35.136(b)(ii).

[4] 28 C.F.R. 36.302(c)(6).

[5] See 28 C.F.R. Pt. 35, App. A; Sak 5. Aurelia, Metropolis of,  C 11-4111-MWB (N.D. Iowa December. 28, 2011)

[half-dozen] 28 C.F.R. 36.302(c)(8).

[7] 29 C.F.R. Pt. 1630 App. The EEOC, in the Interpretive Guidance accompanying the regulations, stated that guide dogs may be an accommodation..."For example, information technology would be a reasonable accommodation for an employer to permit an private who is blind to use a guide domestic dog at work, fifty-fifty though the employer would non exist required to provide a guide dog for the employee."

[8] 42 The statesC. § 3604(f)(3)(B).

[nine] Off-white Housing of the Dakotas, Inc. v. Goldmark Prop. Mgmt., Inc., 3:09-cv-58 (D.North.D. Mar. 30, 2011): "… the FHA encompasses all types of help animals regardless of training, including those that ameliorate a concrete inability and those that better a mental disability."

[10] Run into Bronk v. Ineichen, 54 F.3d 425, 428-429 (7th Cir. 1995); HUD v. Purkett, FH-FL 19372 (HUDALJ July 31, 1990) Green 5. Housing Potency of Clackamas County, 994 F.Supp. 1253 (D. Ore. 1998).

[11] Hawn v. Shoreline Towers Phase 1 Condominium Association, Inc., 347 Fed. Appx. 464 (11th Cir. 2009).

[12] See "Pet Ownership for the Elderly and Persons with Disabilities", 73 Federal Register 208 (27 Oct 2008), pp. 63834-63838; U.s.a.. (2004). Reasonable Accommodations under the Fair Housing Act: Articulation Argument of the Department of Housing and Urban Development and Department of Justice. Washington, D.C: U.S. Section of Housing and Urban Development and U.Southward. Section of Justice [Electronic Version]. Retrieved 03/06/2014 from http://world wide web.justice.gov/crt/about/hce/jointstatement_ra.php.

[thirteen] Private schools that are not operated by religious entities are considered public accommodations. Delight refer to Section V(a).

[fourteen] Sullivan five. Vallejo City Unified Sch. Dist., 731 F. Supp. 947 (Eastward.D. Cal. 1990).

[15] "Guidance Apropos Service Animals in Air Transportation", 68 Federal Register 90 (9 May 2003), p. 24875.

[16] 14 C.F.R. § 382.117(e).

[17] 14 C.F.R. § 382.117(f).

[xviii] Id.

Source: https://adata.org/guide/service-animals-and-emotional-support-animals

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